Glycemic index, glycemic load, and cardiovascular disease and mortality
BACKGROUND Most data regarding the association between the glycemic index and cardiovascular disease come from high-income Western populations, with little information from non-Western countries with low or middle incomes. To fill this gap, data are needed from a large, geographically diverse pop...
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The New England Journal of Medicine
2021-04-08
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Jenkins, David Dehghan, Mahshid Mente, Andrew Bangdiwala, Shrikant I. Rangarajan, Sumathy Srichaikul, Kristie Mohan, Viswanathan Avezum, Alvaro Díaz, Rafael Rosengren, Annika Lanas, Fernando Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio Li, Wei Oguz, Aytekin Khatib, Rasha Poirier, Paul Mohammadifard, Noushin Pepe, Andrea Alhabib, Khalid F. Chifamba, Jephat Yusufali, Afzal Hussein Iqbal, Romaina Yeates, Karen Yusoff, Khalid Ismail, Noorhassim Teo, Koon Swaminathan, Sumathi Liu, Xiaoyun Zatońska, Katarzyna Yusuf, Rita Yusuf, Salim The PURE Study Investigators Masira 2022-02-23T15:17:39Z 2022-02-23T15:17:39Z 2021-04-08 Digital BACKGROUND Most data regarding the association between the glycemic index and cardiovascular disease come from high-income Western populations, with little information from non-Western countries with low or middle incomes. To fill this gap, data are needed from a large, geographically diverse population. METHODS This analysis includes 137,851 participants between the ages of 35 and 70 years living on five continents, with a median follow-up of 9.5 years. We used countryspecific food-frequency questionnaires to determine dietary intake and estimated the glycemic index and glycemic load on the basis of the consumption of seven categories of carbohydrate foods. We calculated hazard ratios using multivariable Cox frailty models. The primary outcome was a composite of a major cardiovascular event (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure) or death from any cause. RESULTS In the study population, 8780 deaths and 8252 major cardiovascular events occurred during the follow-up period. After performing extensive adjustments comparing the lowest and highest glycemic-index quintiles, we found that a diet with a high glycemic index was associated with an increased risk of a major cardiovascular event or death, both among participants with preexisting cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio, 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25 to 1.82) and among those without such disease (hazard ratio, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.34). Among the components of the primary outcome, a high glycemic index was also associated with an increased risk of death from cardiovascular causes. The results with respect to glycemic load were similar to the findings regarding the glycemic index among the participants with cardiovascular disease at baseline, but the association was not significant among those without preexisting cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS In this study, a diet with a high glycemic index was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and death. (Funded by the Population Health Research Institute and others.) Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud 11 p application/pdf 10.1056/NEJMoa2007123 https://repositorio.udes.edu.co/handle/001/6125 eng The New England Journal of Medicine USA 1322 1312 384 Scopus The New England Journal of Medicine Copyright © 2021, The Authors, The New England Journal of Medicine info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2007123 Glycemic index, glycemic load, and cardiovascular disease and mortality Artículo de revista http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Text info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Todas las Audiencias Publication http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
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Universidad EIA |
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d_repositorio.udes.edu.co-DSPACE |
| title |
Glycemic index, glycemic load, and cardiovascular disease and mortality |
| spellingShingle |
Glycemic index, glycemic load, and cardiovascular disease and mortality Jenkins, David Dehghan, Mahshid Mente, Andrew Bangdiwala, Shrikant I. Rangarajan, Sumathy Srichaikul, Kristie Mohan, Viswanathan Avezum, Alvaro Díaz, Rafael Rosengren, Annika Lanas, Fernando Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio Li, Wei Oguz, Aytekin Khatib, Rasha Poirier, Paul Mohammadifard, Noushin Pepe, Andrea Alhabib, Khalid F. Chifamba, Jephat Yusufali, Afzal Hussein Iqbal, Romaina Yeates, Karen Yusoff, Khalid Ismail, Noorhassim Teo, Koon Swaminathan, Sumathi Liu, Xiaoyun Zatońska, Katarzyna Yusuf, Rita Yusuf, Salim The PURE Study Investigators Jenkins, David Dehghan, Mahshid Mente, Andrew Bangdiwala, Shrikant I. Rangarajan, Sumathy Srichaikul, Kristie Mohan, Viswanathan Avezum, Alvaro Díaz, Rafael Rosengren, Annika Lanas, Fernando Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio Li, Wei Oguz, Aytekin Khatib, Rasha Poirier, Paul Mohammadifard, Noushin Pepe, Andrea Alhabib, Khalid F. Chifamba, Jephat Yusufali, Afzal Hussein Iqbal, Romaina Yeates, Karen Yusoff, Khalid Ismail, Noorhassim Teo, Koon Swaminathan, Sumathi Liu, Xiaoyun Zatońska, Katarzyna Yusuf, Rita Yusuf, Salim The PURE Study Investigators Masira |
| title_short |
Glycemic index, glycemic load, and cardiovascular disease and mortality |
| title_full |
Glycemic index, glycemic load, and cardiovascular disease and mortality |
| title_fullStr |
Glycemic index, glycemic load, and cardiovascular disease and mortality |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Glycemic index, glycemic load, and cardiovascular disease and mortality |
| title_sort |
glycemic index, glycemic load, and cardiovascular disease and mortality |
| author |
Jenkins, David Dehghan, Mahshid Mente, Andrew Bangdiwala, Shrikant I. Rangarajan, Sumathy Srichaikul, Kristie Mohan, Viswanathan Avezum, Alvaro Díaz, Rafael Rosengren, Annika Lanas, Fernando Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio Li, Wei Oguz, Aytekin Khatib, Rasha Poirier, Paul Mohammadifard, Noushin Pepe, Andrea Alhabib, Khalid F. Chifamba, Jephat Yusufali, Afzal Hussein Iqbal, Romaina Yeates, Karen Yusoff, Khalid Ismail, Noorhassim Teo, Koon Swaminathan, Sumathi Liu, Xiaoyun Zatońska, Katarzyna Yusuf, Rita Yusuf, Salim The PURE Study Investigators Jenkins, David Dehghan, Mahshid Mente, Andrew Bangdiwala, Shrikant I. Rangarajan, Sumathy Srichaikul, Kristie Mohan, Viswanathan Avezum, Alvaro Díaz, Rafael Rosengren, Annika Lanas, Fernando Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio Li, Wei Oguz, Aytekin Khatib, Rasha Poirier, Paul Mohammadifard, Noushin Pepe, Andrea Alhabib, Khalid F. Chifamba, Jephat Yusufali, Afzal Hussein Iqbal, Romaina Yeates, Karen Yusoff, Khalid Ismail, Noorhassim Teo, Koon Swaminathan, Sumathi Liu, Xiaoyun Zatońska, Katarzyna Yusuf, Rita Yusuf, Salim The PURE Study Investigators Masira |
| author_facet |
Jenkins, David Dehghan, Mahshid Mente, Andrew Bangdiwala, Shrikant I. Rangarajan, Sumathy Srichaikul, Kristie Mohan, Viswanathan Avezum, Alvaro Díaz, Rafael Rosengren, Annika Lanas, Fernando Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio Li, Wei Oguz, Aytekin Khatib, Rasha Poirier, Paul Mohammadifard, Noushin Pepe, Andrea Alhabib, Khalid F. Chifamba, Jephat Yusufali, Afzal Hussein Iqbal, Romaina Yeates, Karen Yusoff, Khalid Ismail, Noorhassim Teo, Koon Swaminathan, Sumathi Liu, Xiaoyun Zatońska, Katarzyna Yusuf, Rita Yusuf, Salim The PURE Study Investigators Jenkins, David Dehghan, Mahshid Mente, Andrew Bangdiwala, Shrikant I. Rangarajan, Sumathy Srichaikul, Kristie Mohan, Viswanathan Avezum, Alvaro Díaz, Rafael Rosengren, Annika Lanas, Fernando Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio Li, Wei Oguz, Aytekin Khatib, Rasha Poirier, Paul Mohammadifard, Noushin Pepe, Andrea Alhabib, Khalid F. Chifamba, Jephat Yusufali, Afzal Hussein Iqbal, Romaina Yeates, Karen Yusoff, Khalid Ismail, Noorhassim Teo, Koon Swaminathan, Sumathi Liu, Xiaoyun Zatońska, Katarzyna Yusuf, Rita Yusuf, Salim The PURE Study Investigators Masira |
| building |
Repositorio digital |
| publishDate |
2021-04-08 |
| language |
English |
| publisher |
The New England Journal of Medicine |
| physical |
11 p |
| format |
Artículo de revista |
| description |
BACKGROUND
Most data regarding the association between the glycemic index and cardiovascular disease come from high-income Western populations, with little information
from non-Western countries with low or middle incomes. To fill this gap, data are
needed from a large, geographically diverse population.
METHODS
This analysis includes 137,851 participants between the ages of 35 and 70 years
living on five continents, with a median follow-up of 9.5 years. We used countryspecific food-frequency questionnaires to determine dietary intake and estimated
the glycemic index and glycemic load on the basis of the consumption of seven
categories of carbohydrate foods. We calculated hazard ratios using multivariable
Cox frailty models. The primary outcome was a composite of a major cardiovascular event (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart
failure) or death from any cause.
RESULTS
In the study population, 8780 deaths and 8252 major cardiovascular events occurred during the follow-up period. After performing extensive adjustments comparing the lowest and highest glycemic-index quintiles, we found that a diet with
a high glycemic index was associated with an increased risk of a major cardiovascular event or death, both among participants with preexisting cardiovascular
disease (hazard ratio, 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25 to 1.82) and among
those without such disease (hazard ratio, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.34). Among the
components of the primary outcome, a high glycemic index was also associated
with an increased risk of death from cardiovascular causes. The results with respect to glycemic load were similar to the findings regarding the glycemic index
among the participants with cardiovascular disease at baseline, but the association
was not significant among those without preexisting cardiovascular disease.
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, a diet with a high glycemic index was associated with an increased
risk of cardiovascular disease and death. (Funded by the Population Health Research
Institute and others.)
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https://repositorio.udes.edu.co/handle/001/6125 |
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https://repositorio.udes.edu.co/handle/001/6125 |
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