Assessment of mine spillage effects on receiving waters: hydrodynamic and water quality studies on Bacanuchi river, Mexico.
This research focuses on the development of a hydrodynamic and water quality model to simulate the spillage event that occurred in the “Buenavista del Cobre” copper mine in the Bacanuchi river basin in 2014. This incident remains ambiguous since there is a lack of an initial estimation of the spille...
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Assessment of mine spillage effects on receiving waters: hydrodynamic and water quality studies on Bacanuchi river, Mexico. |
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Assessment of mine spillage effects on receiving waters: hydrodynamic and water quality studies on Bacanuchi river, Mexico. Wilches Kochinski, Edna Jessica Santos Granados, German Ricardo Wilches Kochinski, Edna Jessica IHE Delft Institute for Water Education Ingeniería hidráulica Calidad del agua Contaminación del agua Hidrodinámica Table of Contents ii Abstract 1 Acknowledgments 2 1. Introduction 3 1.1 Background 3 1.2 Research problem and justification 5 1.3 Research objectives and research questions 6 1.3.1 Research Questions 6 1.3.2 General Objective 6 1.3.3 Specific Objectives 6 2. Literature review 7 2.1 Hydrodynamic and water quality models 7 2.2 Hydrodynamic and water quality model application 8 2.3 Previous studies related to the spillage incident 11 3. Research methodology 13 3.1 Description of the case study 13 3.2 Research approach 14 3.3 Methodology 15 3.3.1 Data collection 15 3.3.2 Hydrodynamic model set up 15 3.3.3 Estimation of spilled outflow discharge and sensitivity analysis 19 3.3.3.1 Initial data and reservoir’s capacity curve 19 3.3.3.2 Python script development 21 3.3.4 Hydrodynamic model simulations 24 3.3.5 Hydrodynamic model extension 25 3.3.5.1 Wave approximation zones 29 3.3.6 Water quality model set up 32 3.3.6.1 Simplification of the hydrodynamic system 32 3.3.6.2 Physicochemical parameters identification 34 3.3.6.3 Chemical reactions 38 3.3.6.4 Computational Parameters 40 4. Results and analysis 41 4.1 Hydrodynamic model 41 4.1.1 Kinematic Wave Routing 41 4.1.2 Hydrodynamic model set up 42 4.1.3 Estimation of spilled outflow discharge and uncertainty analysis 43 4.1.4 HEC-RAS simulations 47 4.1.5 Hydrodynamic model extension 53 4.1.5.1 Flow profile and wave approximation zones 55 4.2 Water quality 57 4.2.1 AQUASIM Hydrodynamic set up 57 4.2.2 Water quality modelling results 58 4.2.2.1 Comparison with Drinking Water Regulations 66 4.2.2.2 Model validation 67 5. Discussion 71 6. Limitations 73 7. Conclusions and Recommendations 74 8. References 75 9. Appendices 79 9.1 Appendix A - Key chemical reactions in the river 79 9.2 Appendix B- Research Ethics Declaration Form 82 |
title_short |
Assessment of mine spillage effects on receiving waters: hydrodynamic and water quality studies on Bacanuchi river, Mexico. |
title_full |
Assessment of mine spillage effects on receiving waters: hydrodynamic and water quality studies on Bacanuchi river, Mexico. |
title_fullStr |
Assessment of mine spillage effects on receiving waters: hydrodynamic and water quality studies on Bacanuchi river, Mexico. |
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Assessment of mine spillage effects on receiving waters: hydrodynamic and water quality studies on Bacanuchi river, Mexico. |
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assessment of mine spillage effects on receiving waters: hydrodynamic and water quality studies on bacanuchi river, mexico. |
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Wilches Kochinski, Edna Jessica Santos Granados, German Ricardo Wilches Kochinski, Edna Jessica IHE Delft Institute for Water Education |
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Wilches Kochinski, Edna Jessica Santos Granados, German Ricardo Wilches Kochinski, Edna Jessica IHE Delft Institute for Water Education |
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Ingeniería hidráulica Calidad del agua Contaminación del agua Hidrodinámica |
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Ingeniería hidráulica Calidad del agua Contaminación del agua Hidrodinámica |
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2024 |
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English |
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Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería |
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88 páginas |
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Trabajo de grado - Maestría |
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This research focuses on the development of a hydrodynamic and water quality model to simulate the spillage event that occurred in the “Buenavista del Cobre” copper mine in the Bacanuchi river basin in 2014. This incident remains ambiguous since there is a lack of an initial estimation of the spilled volume as well as a model that describes the hydrodynamics of the spill and its impact on water quality. To address this, a hydrodynamic and water quality model was developed. The hydrodynamic model was set up and run in HEC-RAS. The model presented stability issues associated to steep slopes, low flows and hydraulic jumps, which limited the application of HEC-RAS in the first sections of the Tinajas stream and the Sonora river. Nevertheless, the model provided an estimated travel time for the spill from the Tinajas stream to the city of Arizpe of 10-13 hours. Additionally, a Python script using different reservoir capacity curves, initial volumes and outflow pipe diameters was developed to estimate the spilled volume of enriched copper solution. The results estimated the volume between 42,000-45,000 m3.
Regarding water quality, the model was set up and run in AQUASIM with parameters selected based on concentration levels observed in samples of the spilled solution. These include Fe, Al, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, and As. CaCO3, SO4-2, CO3-2, and OH- were also considered due to their presence in the river, as well as their reactive potential with metals under varying pH conditions and level concentrations. Notably, concentrations of all metallic elements exceeded the official permissible limits for drinking water and human use (NOM-127-SSA1-2021) for 3 to 5 hours along the Tinajas stream and Bacanuchi river. The model identified that the contaminant plume behaved as piston flow while travelling along the river system. Other findings include the low propensity of precipitation of the metals due to the acidic conditions created in the river as a consequence of the spill, potentially extending contamination to the Bacanuchi and Sonora aquifers. Although these models provide a tool to assess the spill’s dynamics and impacts along the Tinajas streams and Bacanuchi rivers, limitations including data availability, computational constraints, and time were involved. Future research could include the influence of hurricanes Norberto and Odile on the spill's hydrodynamic and water quality effects, employ a modelling software capable of handling channels with steep gradients, low flows, and hydraulic jumps to represent the Sonora river's dynamics, as well as extending the water quality model to the river , and develop a groundwater model for a comprehensive assessment of the spill's impact on the basin.
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contents |
Table of Contents ii
Abstract 1
Acknowledgments 2
1. Introduction 3
1.1 Background 3
1.2 Research problem and justification 5
1.3 Research objectives and research questions 6
1.3.1 Research Questions 6
1.3.2 General Objective 6
1.3.3 Specific Objectives 6
2. Literature review 7
2.1 Hydrodynamic and water quality models 7
2.2 Hydrodynamic and water quality model application 8
2.3 Previous studies related to the spillage incident 11
3. Research methodology 13
3.1 Description of the case study 13
3.2 Research approach 14
3.3 Methodology 15
3.3.1 Data collection 15
3.3.2 Hydrodynamic model set up 15
3.3.3 Estimation of spilled outflow discharge and sensitivity analysis 19
3.3.3.1 Initial data and reservoir’s capacity curve 19
3.3.3.2 Python script development 21
3.3.4 Hydrodynamic model simulations 24
3.3.5 Hydrodynamic model extension 25
3.3.5.1 Wave approximation zones 29
3.3.6 Water quality model set up 32
3.3.6.1 Simplification of the hydrodynamic system 32
3.3.6.2 Physicochemical parameters identification 34
3.3.6.3 Chemical reactions 38
3.3.6.4 Computational Parameters 40
4. Results and analysis 41
4.1 Hydrodynamic model 41
4.1.1 Kinematic Wave Routing 41
4.1.2 Hydrodynamic model set up 42
4.1.3 Estimation of spilled outflow discharge and uncertainty analysis 43
4.1.4 HEC-RAS simulations 47
4.1.5 Hydrodynamic model extension 53
4.1.5.1 Flow profile and wave approximation zones 55
4.2 Water quality 57
4.2.1 AQUASIM Hydrodynamic set up 57
4.2.2 Water quality modelling results 58
4.2.2.1 Comparison with Drinking Water Regulations 66
4.2.2.2 Model validation 67
5. Discussion 71
6. Limitations 73
7. Conclusions and Recommendations 74
8. References 75
9. Appendices 79
9.1 Appendix A - Key chemical reactions in the river 79
9.2 Appendix B- Research Ethics Declaration Form 82 |
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Santos Granados, German Ricardo Wilches Kochinski, Edna Jessica IHE Delft Institute for Water Education 2024-06-18T14:48:54Z 2024-06-18T14:48:54Z 2024 https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/3107 https://catalogo-intra.escuelaing.edu.co/cgi-bin/koha/catalogue/detail.pl?biblionumber=23759 material ilustrativo, graficas con colores This research focuses on the development of a hydrodynamic and water quality model to simulate the spillage event that occurred in the “Buenavista del Cobre” copper mine in the Bacanuchi river basin in 2014. This incident remains ambiguous since there is a lack of an initial estimation of the spilled volume as well as a model that describes the hydrodynamics of the spill and its impact on water quality. To address this, a hydrodynamic and water quality model was developed. The hydrodynamic model was set up and run in HEC-RAS. The model presented stability issues associated to steep slopes, low flows and hydraulic jumps, which limited the application of HEC-RAS in the first sections of the Tinajas stream and the Sonora river. Nevertheless, the model provided an estimated travel time for the spill from the Tinajas stream to the city of Arizpe of 10-13 hours. Additionally, a Python script using different reservoir capacity curves, initial volumes and outflow pipe diameters was developed to estimate the spilled volume of enriched copper solution. The results estimated the volume between 42,000-45,000 m3. Regarding water quality, the model was set up and run in AQUASIM with parameters selected based on concentration levels observed in samples of the spilled solution. These include Fe, Al, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, and As. CaCO3, SO4-2, CO3-2, and OH- were also considered due to their presence in the river, as well as their reactive potential with metals under varying pH conditions and level concentrations. Notably, concentrations of all metallic elements exceeded the official permissible limits for drinking water and human use (NOM-127-SSA1-2021) for 3 to 5 hours along the Tinajas stream and Bacanuchi river. The model identified that the contaminant plume behaved as piston flow while travelling along the river system. Other findings include the low propensity of precipitation of the metals due to the acidic conditions created in the river as a consequence of the spill, potentially extending contamination to the Bacanuchi and Sonora aquifers. Although these models provide a tool to assess the spill’s dynamics and impacts along the Tinajas streams and Bacanuchi rivers, limitations including data availability, computational constraints, and time were involved. Future research could include the influence of hurricanes Norberto and Odile on the spill's hydrodynamic and water quality effects, employ a modelling software capable of handling channels with steep gradients, low flows, and hydraulic jumps to represent the Sonora river's dynamics, as well as extending the water quality model to the river , and develop a groundwater model for a comprehensive assessment of the spill's impact on the basin. Table of Contents ii Abstract 1 Acknowledgments 2 1. Introduction 3 1.1 Background 3 1.2 Research problem and justification 5 1.3 Research objectives and research questions 6 1.3.1 Research Questions 6 1.3.2 General Objective 6 1.3.3 Specific Objectives 6 2. Literature review 7 2.1 Hydrodynamic and water quality models 7 2.2 Hydrodynamic and water quality model application 8 2.3 Previous studies related to the spillage incident 11 3. Research methodology 13 3.1 Description of the case study 13 3.2 Research approach 14 3.3 Methodology 15 3.3.1 Data collection 15 3.3.2 Hydrodynamic model set up 15 3.3.3 Estimation of spilled outflow discharge and sensitivity analysis 19 3.3.3.1 Initial data and reservoir’s capacity curve 19 3.3.3.2 Python script development 21 3.3.4 Hydrodynamic model simulations 24 3.3.5 Hydrodynamic model extension 25 3.3.5.1 Wave approximation zones 29 3.3.6 Water quality model set up 32 3.3.6.1 Simplification of the hydrodynamic system 32 3.3.6.2 Physicochemical parameters identification 34 3.3.6.3 Chemical reactions 38 3.3.6.4 Computational Parameters 40 4. Results and analysis 41 4.1 Hydrodynamic model 41 4.1.1 Kinematic Wave Routing 41 4.1.2 Hydrodynamic model set up 42 4.1.3 Estimation of spilled outflow discharge and uncertainty analysis 43 4.1.4 HEC-RAS simulations 47 4.1.5 Hydrodynamic model extension 53 4.1.5.1 Flow profile and wave approximation zones 55 4.2 Water quality 57 4.2.1 AQUASIM Hydrodynamic set up 57 4.2.2 Water quality modelling results 58 4.2.2.1 Comparison with Drinking Water Regulations 66 4.2.2.2 Model validation 67 5. Discussion 71 6. Limitations 73 7. Conclusions and Recommendations 74 8. References 75 9. Appendices 79 9.1 Appendix A - Key chemical reactions in the river 79 9.2 Appendix B- Research Ethics Declaration Form 82 Maestría Magíster en Ingeniería Civil 88 páginas application/pdf eng Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Delft, Paises Bajos Maestría en Ingeniería Civil Assessment of mine spillage effects on receiving waters: hydrodynamic and water quality studies on Bacanuchi river, Mexico. 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Journal of Hydrology, 396(3–4), 267–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.11.019 Ziegler-Rivera, F. R. A., Prado, B., Gastelum-strozzi, A., Márquez, J., Mora, L., Robles, A., & González, B. (2021). Computed tomography assessment of soil and sediment porosity modifications from exposure to an acid copper sulfate solution. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103194 info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess Ingeniería hidráulica Calidad del agua Contaminación del agua Hidrodinámica http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa |
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11.341259 |